For decades, the island has been recognised as one of the world’s most iconic tourism destinations. Today, however, a much broader transformation is taking place—one driven by healthcare, infrastructure, education, government policy, hospitality, investment and the growing appeal of Bali as a place to live, work and build a long-term future.
These developments are often discussed individually.
Rarely are they viewed as part of one connected story.
Bali in Transformation was written to explore those connections.
Over six months, I researched official government planning documents, market reports, industry publications and publicly available data, combining them with more than twelve years of personal experience living and working in Indonesia.
The result is an independent strategic outlook of more than 350 pages across 22 chapters, examining the long-term forces that may shape Bali over the next 10 to 20 years.
This publication is not intended to predict the future.
Instead, it aims to connect the dots, encourage informed discussion and provide a broader perspective on one of Southeast Asia’s most fascinating transformations.
Whether you are an investor, entrepreneur, developer, policymaker, long-term resident or simply someone who cares about Bali, I hope this research offers valuable insights and sparks meaningful conversations.
02
The story behind the research
Where Is Bali Really Heading?
How One Question Became Six Months of Research
For the last six months, I’ve been trying to answer one question:
Where is Bali really heading?
Over the last six months, I’ve spent countless evenings, weekends and early mornings working on something that slowly became much bigger than I originally imagined.
What started as a simple idea became a six-month research project focused on one question:
Where is Bali really heading?
Over the past 12 years, Indonesia has become my home.
I first moved to Bali, where I lived for three years, before relocating to Jakarta to continue my career in hospitality. After two years in the capital, I returned to Bali, where I have now lived for more than a decade in total.
Experiencing both Jakarta’s dynamic business environment and Bali’s unique evolution has given me a broader perspective on Indonesia’s development and Bali’s changing role within it.
Over the years, I’ve worked with some of the world’s leading hospitality brands, helped develop destinations, built my own businesses, invested in property and watched Bali evolve from several perspectives—as a hotelier, entrepreneur, investor and long-term resident.
As a member of Entrepreneurs’ Organization Indonesia, I’ve also had the opportunity to exchange ideas with founders, investors, developers and business leaders who share a strong interest in Indonesia’s future.
Living and working here has given me a front-row seat to Bali’s transformation.
I’ve seen new destinations emerge, entire neighbourhoods change, international brands arrive, infrastructure improve and the island gradually evolve beyond being simply a holiday destination.
At the same time, I kept hearing very different opinions.
Some believed development was happening too fast.
Others believed the best investment opportunities had already passed.
Some focused only on tourism.
Others looked only at real estate.
The more conversations I had, the more I realised that most people were looking at just one part of a much bigger picture.
That’s what motivated me to start writing.
Rather than looking at villa prices or tourism statistics alone, I wanted to understand how all the different forces shaping Bali connect with one another.
Because that is how destinations really transform.
One of the biggest realisations during my research was that Bali isn’t simply growing.
It is changing its identity.
For decades, Bali has been known as one of the world’s most beautiful holiday destinations.
Today, I believe we are witnessing the beginning of another chapter—one where Bali is gradually becoming one of Southeast Asia’s most attractive places to live, work, invest and build a long-term future.
That transformation is not happening because of one single project.
It is happening because many different developments are moving in the same direction.
The Bali International Hospital.
International specialist clinics.
New international schools.
Major infrastructure investments.
Luxury hospitality developments.
Improved connectivity.
Government initiatives.
New business opportunities.
New lifestyle communities.
Individually, these are simply projects.
Together, they tell a much bigger story.
Over the past six months, I’ve spent hundreds of hours reviewing official government planning documents, market reports, industry publications and public data, while combining that research with my own observations from living and working in Indonesia.
The result is Bali in Transformation—a strategic outlook bringing together more than 350 pages of research and analysis across 22 chapters.
Unlike a traditional investment report or tourism outlook, this publication connects government planning, healthcare, infrastructure, education, hospitality, real estate, demographics and lifestyle trends to examine how they influence one another—and what that could mean for Bali over the next 10 to 20 years.
This publication is not about predicting the future.
No one can do that.
Instead, it is about connecting the dots and helping people see the bigger picture.
Whether you are an investor, entrepreneur, hotel owner, developer, policymaker, long-term resident or simply someone who loves Bali, I hope this research offers a different perspective—one that looks beyond today’s headlines and asks what Bali could become over the coming decades.
More than anything, I wanted to create something that starts conversations.
A publication that encourages people to think strategically rather than emotionally.
A resource that helps explain not only what is happening, but also why it matters.
This is an independent strategic outlook based on publicly available information, official planning documents, market research and my own analysis. The conclusions and opinions expressed are entirely my own.
For me, this is not the end of a six-month project.
It is the beginning of a much bigger journey.
My hope is that Bali in Transformation becomes more than just a publication.
I hope it becomes an ongoing platform where I can continue sharing research, discussing new developments, challenging assumptions and exploring how Bali is evolving over the coming years.
After more than a decade of living in Bali, I still feel the same excitement and connection to this island that I did when I first arrived.
If anything, that feeling has only grown stronger.
This publication is not meant to provide all the answers.
Its purpose is to ask better questions, connect the dots and encourage a broader conversation about where Bali is heading.
If it inspires people to think differently about Bali’s future, then every one of those early mornings, late nights and weekends will have been worth it.
Research at a glance
About the Publication
350+pages
22chapters
6months of research
Independentstrategic outlook
Based on official government planning documents, public data, market reports and industry research.
Covers healthcare, infrastructure, education, hospitality, real estate, investment, demographics, lifestyle, sustainability and government policy.
Examines how these different forces connect and influence Bali’s future.
Bali in Transformation is the beginning of an ongoing research and thought-leadership platform. The first four articles are now available below, with further articles examining the projects, policies and long-term forces reshaping Bali to follow over the coming weeks and months.
01Published
Why Sanur’s Long-Term Outlook Is Strengthening
How healthcare, education, lifestyle investment and the emerging Sanur–Kura Kura corridor could support long-term demand.
How healthcare, education, lifestyle investment and the emerging Sanur–Kura Kura corridor could support long-term demand
For many years, Sanur was considered Bali’s quieter and more established alternative.
It offered mature hotels, residential neighbourhoods, calmer beaches and a slower lifestyle—but it was rarely described as the island’s most exciting property-investment market.
That perception is beginning to change.
Having lived in Bali for more than a decade and now living in Sanur, I believe its future will not be shaped by one hospital, mall or luxury development. Its strength comes from several different investments beginning to reinforce one another.
Healthcare, international education, retail, dining, family entertainment, premium hospitality, maritime connectivity and the development of Kura Kura Bali are creating new reasons for people to visit, live, work and invest in southeast Bali.
Sanur is not becoming another Canggu or Seminyak—and that may be one of its greatest advantages.
Its next chapter is not being driven mainly by nightlife, beach clubs or another wave of short-term holiday villas. It is increasingly being shaped by year-round liveability and a broader, more permanent demand base.
An established district becoming more complete
Many emerging property markets ask investors to believe that a complete destination will eventually appear.
Sanur is different.
It already has established hotels, residential communities, supermarkets, schools, healthcare, restaurants, sports facilities and a long public beachfront promenade.
People are not investing only in a future masterplan. They are entering a functioning district whose economic role is expanding.
Sanur already serves tourists, families, retirees, professionals, entrepreneurs, students, port passengers and local communities. The development of healthcare and other institutions could broaden that demand even further.
The strongest long-term locations are often not those built around one fashionable trend. They are places where people have several independent reasons to live, work, spend money and return.
The emerging Sanur–Kura Kura corridor
I believe Sanur should increasingly be viewed as part of a wider southeast-Bali corridor:
Sanur Harbour → Sanur Health Special Economic Zone → Bali International Hospital → ICON Bali and central Sanur → established residential and school areas → Serangan and Kura Kura Bali
I refer to this as the Sanur–Kura Kura corridor.
This is my own strategic interpretation rather than an official government designation. However, the concentration of infrastructure and institutional investment across this relatively compact area makes the connection increasingly relevant.
At one end is Indonesia’s first health-focused Special Economic Zone.
At the other is Kura Kura Bali, a 498-hectare Special Economic Zone legally designated for tourism and creative-industry activities, with education, retail, residential, marina and hospitality components forming part of the wider phased development.
Between them is an established district connected to Denpasar, Benoa, the airport corridor and nearby islands.
Healthcare could change the demand profile
Bali International Hospital is the most important structural change in Sanur, but the wider opportunity extends beyond one hospital.
Additional specialist facilities have been announced or are under development, including fertility, eye-care and aesthetic services. If these projects become operating providers with credible patient demand, they could deepen Sanur’s healthcare ecosystem beyond Bali International Hospital.
If this develops into a functioning healthcare ecosystem, it could create demand from:
Patients and accompanying families
Doctors and medical professionals
Clinic and hospital employees
Rehabilitation and recovery guests
Healthcare-related businesses
Long-term residents seeking better access to specialist treatment
For internationally mobile families, entrepreneurs and older residents, access to credible medical care has historically been one of the concerns associated with making Bali a permanent home.
Improved healthcare does not remove every concern, but it could reduce an important barrier—and support demand for quality homes, long-term rentals, managed residences and retirement-oriented living.
Education supports long-term family demand
Sanur already benefits from access to established schools including Bali Island School, Sanur Independent School and Dyatmika School in the wider east-Denpasar area.
Kura Kura Bali has added another education anchor through ACS Bali, which is connected to the Singapore-based ACS educational tradition. ACS Bali began the 2025–2026 academic year with Grades 1–7, with higher grades intended to be introduced progressively.
This matters because families create a different property market from short-term visitors.
They usually stay longer, require larger and more functional homes, and spend throughout the year on healthcare, education, supermarkets, restaurants, sports and household services.
A deeper family market could therefore support a more stable long-term rental and owner-occupier segment.
Retail, dining and family lifestyle are improving
ICON Bali has significantly changed Sanur’s commercial position.
The beachfront mall introduced a major new retail, dining and entertainment destination and received international recognition as a World Silver Winner in the Retail category at the 2026 FIABCI World Prix d’Excellence Awards.
Recent openings including Junsei, LUCA by the team behind Boy’N’Cow and Santorini reflect Sanur’s expanding dining market.
Family entertainment has also improved through facilities such as Clip ’n Climb and the nearby AeroXSpace indoor adventure park.
These additions may appear less important than a hospital or Special Economic Zone, but they improve the everyday experience of living in the area.
Long-term residential demand is usually created by the completeness of daily life.
The beachfront and harbour remain major advantages
Sanur’s long beachfront promenade provides space for walking, cycling, running, dining and recreation across much of the coastline.
Its generally calmer, reef-protected water also makes many sections attractive to families with younger children.
This is not simply a tourism asset. It is part of residents’ daily lives—and it is difficult for another location to reproduce.
Sanur Harbour adds another economic function. Since the modern terminal began operating in 2022, Sanur has become an important passenger gateway to Nusa Penida and Nusa Lembongan, with some commercial services also connecting to the Gili Islands and Lombok.
This passenger movement supports transport, accommodation, restaurants, retail and local services, although traffic and parking around the harbour will require continued management.
Kura Kura could become a second major engine
Several parts of Kura Kura Bali are already moving forward.
ACS Bali is operating. A customs area has opened, and a marina has been announced. Sira Village–Grand Outlet Bali announced a soft opening for 31 July 2026, with retail, dining and public-space components expected to be introduced progressively. Its operating status and individual tenant openings should be monitored as the development advances.
The Indonesian government has also discussed Bali as a possible location for a future international financial centre.
Kura Kura should not yet be described as an operating tax-free financial district. Final location, regulations and implementation remain pending.
However, if an international financial centre is eventually developed there, it could introduce demand from professional services, wealth management, family offices, legal and advisory firms and international business travellers.
Luxury investment interest is increasing
Sanur already has a mature premium hospitality market, including Hyatt Regency Bali, Andaz Bali, Maya Sanur, Bali Beach Hotel and The Meru Sanur.
A planned SO/ development is also being publicly advertised in Sanur as a luxury beachfront project with 82 villas. Final operator confirmation and delivery details remain pending, so it should be classified as publicly marketed rather than fully confirmed.
Magnum Resort Sanur is another visible, actively marketed residential project. Published completion claims have varied and should be verified independently.
These projects should be assessed individually, but the broader signal is clear:
The visible pipeline indicates increasing attention from international hospitality and residential investors.
Why these fundamentals could support long-term residential demand and value
Property appreciation is never guaranteed.
Sanur’s potential is based on several long-term fundamentals:
An established district rather than an entirely speculative destination
Potentially stronger owner-occupier and family demand
Healthcare and education infrastructure
Limited land within the established core
A difficult-to-reproduce public beachfront
Year-round economic activity
Proximity to two Special Economic Zones
Increasing institutional and international investment interest
However, location alone cannot protect an investor from choosing the wrong property.
Lease length, extension rights, zoning, permits, construction quality, access, drainage, management costs and realistic resale demand remain critical.
Sanur’s wider environment may become more valuable while an individual leasehold property loses value as its remaining term becomes shorter.
The long-term case
Sanur may not be the right market for investors seeking the highest possible short-term rental yield or nightlife-driven demand.
But for buyers focused on long-term liveability, healthcare, education, family-oriented services, owner-occupier demand and year-round economic activity, Sanur presents an increasingly convincing strategic case.
Its future is not based on one project.
It is based on several systems reinforcing one another:
Healthcare supports long-term residence.
Schools support families.
Families support stable housing and daily services.
Retail and dining improve liveability.
The harbour supports regional movement.
Hospitality supports tourism, patients and employment.
Kura Kura may add education, retail, maritime and professional activity.
Together, these forces could make Sanur one of Bali’s most complete places to live.
And places where people genuinely want to live can provide a stronger foundation for long-term value than places built mainly around the next tourism trend.
Sanur’s investment story is not simply about hype.
It is about an established district becoming more complete.
04
Article 02 · Published 5 August 2026
Beyond Tourism: The Rise of Bali’s Residence Economy
What Canggu teaches us about lifestyle migration, housing, infrastructure and community integration
For decades, Bali’s global economic identity was built primarily around tourism.
Visitors arrived, stayed for a limited period, spent money on accommodation, restaurants, transport and experiences, and then returned home.
That model remains fundamental to Bali. Tourism supports employment, investment, aviation, hospitality and thousands of local businesses, and it will continue to form the foundation of the island’s economy for many years.
But another economic layer is becoming increasingly visible.
More people are no longer coming to Bali only for a holiday.
They are coming to live.
Remote professionals, entrepreneurs, investors, families, retirees, students, mixed-nationality households and Indonesians relocating from other parts of the country are choosing to spend longer periods on the island.
Some stay for several months. Others establish businesses, enrol their children in schools, invest in property or build multi-year relationships with Bali.
This does not mean Bali is leaving tourism behind.
It means the island may be developing a residence economy alongside its visitor economy.
By residence economy, I mean the year-round economic activity created by people who live on the island for months or years rather than visiting briefly.
Having lived in Indonesia for more than 12 years, including more than a decade in Bali, I have watched this transition take place gradually.
I have seen neighbourhoods change, new communities emerge and the distinction between tourism and long-term residence become increasingly difficult to define.
Canggu offers perhaps the clearest example of both the opportunity and the pressure created by this transition.
From visitors to residents
A visitor participates in a destination for a limited period.
A long-term resident becomes part of its year-round operating system.
Residents require housing, healthcare, education, banking, telecommunications, transport, professional services, legal certainty and reliable public administration.
They use water, electricity, roads and waste services throughout the year.
They support supermarkets, restaurants, gyms, clinics, schools, household services and local businesses beyond the traditional tourism seasons.
Some establish companies, employ people, invest capital or introduce international professional networks. Others receive overseas salaries, pensions or investment income that they spend locally.
This can create more stable, year-round economic activity.
It can also increase rents, congestion, land demand and pressure on infrastructure—particularly when population and commercial growth occur faster than housing supply, regulation and public services can respond.
The scale of this transition should not be overstated.
Bali does not publish a complete, continuously updated count of international residents by visa category, household type, length of stay and economic contribution.
Tourism arrivals cannot be used as a proxy for migration. Visa issuance does not necessarily prove that someone lives primarily in Bali, and neither figure tells us how much economic value remains on the island.
The available evidence therefore supports the existence of an emerging structural trend—not a precise estimate of Bali’s international resident population.
The important question is not simply how many people want to live in Bali.
It is what kind of residence economy Bali is creating.
Why the change is happening
Several developments are making longer-term residence more practical.
Remote work has given some professionals greater freedom to choose where they live while continuing to serve employers or clients overseas.
Indonesia has developed more differentiated national residence pathways for remote workers, investors, students, families, older residents and other eligible long-stay groups.
Bali’s international-school environment has expanded.
Healthcare capacity is beginning to improve, led by Bali International Hospital and the wider Sanur Health Special Economic Zone.
Digital services, coworking environments, international communities and professional networks have also become more established.
At the same time, lifestyle, wellbeing, community, access to nature and the ability to combine international work with a different daily environment have become more influential in relocation decisions.
Bali offers many of these qualities within a globally recognised destination.
However, attraction alone does not create a successful residence economy.
Once someone moves beyond a temporary visit, the institutions and infrastructure supporting everyday life become much more important.
What Canggu has already shown us
Canggu demonstrates both the opportunity and the challenge of Bali’s emerging residence economy.
Over a relatively short period, the wider area developed into an internationally recognised centre for hospitality, entrepreneurship, remote work, dining, fitness and lifestyle businesses.
That transformation attracted investment, created employment and gave Indonesian and international entrepreneurs access to a rapidly expanding market.
New restaurants, accommodation, sports facilities, retail concepts, professional services and residential developments created an economic environment that barely existed in its current form a decade ago.
Canggu demonstrates Bali’s extraordinary ability to attract capital, ideas, talent and international attention.
But it also shows what can happen when rapid private development moves faster than public infrastructure and coordinated planning.
Growth has increased pressure on roads, intersections, drainage, wastewater, waste collection, pedestrian infrastructure and public transport.
Housing and land prices have risen. Agricultural landscapes have become more fragmented. Daily journeys have become longer, while construction and commercial activity have expanded into surrounding communities.
Canggu’s transformation cannot be attributed to international residents alone.
Tourism growth, domestic investment, Indonesian lifestyle migration, property development and the challenge of coordinating planning across a rapidly changing district have all played a role.
It is therefore best understood as an example of cumulative growth, rather than simply a foreign-resident story.
An individual villa may have legal access and adequate private utilities.
A restaurant may operate successfully.
A residential development may sell every unit.
But when hundreds of individual projects are concentrated within the same district, their combined impact becomes a wider infrastructure and community issue.
The number of villas that can legally be constructed is not necessarily the same as the number of people an area can support responsibly.
That may be one of the most important lessons Canggu offers to other emerging parts of Bali.
The answer is not to stop development or reject long-term residents.
It is to connect growth with infrastructure capacity, land-use planning, housing and community systems from the beginning.
Families create a different economy
Families generate a different type of demand from short-term visitors.
They generally need larger and more functional homes. They require schools, healthcare, safe neighbourhoods, reliable transport, sports facilities and everyday services.
They also spend throughout the year rather than during a short holiday period.
International education therefore does more than serve families already living in Bali. It can influence whether other families consider the island a realistic long-term home.
Healthcare plays a similar role.
For parents, entrepreneurs and older residents, confidence in emergency care, specialist treatment and continuity of care can determine whether Bali feels suitable for permanent or semi-permanent residence.
This is one reason healthcare, education and established residential infrastructure may become increasingly important in areas such as Sanur and southeast Bali.
The strongest residence locations may not necessarily be those with the most nightlife or the highest concentration of short-term villas.
They may be the places where everyday life functions most reliably.
Long-term residence can also create opportunities for businesses serving daily needs.
Property managers may need to offer professional residential services rather than focusing only on nightly accommodation.
Healthcare providers can serve residents as well as medical visitors.
Schools and training institutions can attract families and international expertise.
Legal, tax, accounting and financial-services firms may experience greater demand.
Local entrepreneurs can build businesses around year-round life rather than relying entirely on tourism seasons.
The potential is significant—but only when economic value is retained locally.
A residence economy dominated by informal activity, property speculation, imported consumption and internationally oriented services operating separately from Indonesian communities may increase prices without materially increasing productivity.
The stronger outcome is one in which residents support formal employment, use Indonesian professional services, purchase from local suppliers, transfer knowledge and build durable relationships with communities.
Housing and infrastructure are the real test
The residence economy has major implications for Bali’s property market.
Families may seek larger homes near schools. Older residents may prioritise healthcare access. Professionals may value reliable internet and proximity to business communities. Domestic lifestyle migrants may require different price points from international residents.
This demand can support professionally managed long-term housing and mixed-use communities.
It can also intensify competition for limited residential stock.
Higher-income residents may outbid local households and workers for well-located rental properties. Homes previously serving local communities may be converted into premium rentals or short-stay accommodation. Land and rental prices can rise faster than local incomes.
The issue is not simply foreign versus local demand.
Domestic migration from Jakarta, Surabaya and other Indonesian cities can create similar effects.
Bali therefore needs a broader housing perspective that considers:
Local owner-occupied housing
Workforce accommodation
Long-term rental homes
Family-oriented residences
Retirement and assisted-living needs
Short-stay tourism accommodation
Lifestyle and second-home properties
A successful residence economy cannot be measured only by the growth of premium residential development.
It must also consider where teachers, hospitality employees, healthcare workers, technicians and other essential workers will live.
Workforce housing is not separate from Bali’s international development story.
It is one of the conditions that will determine whether that development can function.
Infrastructure creates a similar test.
A visitor may use Bali’s roads, water, electricity and waste services for several days.
A resident uses those systems every week of the year.
The residence economy therefore creates continuous demand rather than temporary demand.
This is particularly important in fast-growing corridors where infrastructure was not designed for the combination of registered residents, temporary residents, tourists, daily workers and peak visitor periods now using it.
Bali’s functional population at any particular moment is more complicated than its official resident count.
Infrastructure planning needs to reflect that reality.
A development may be commercially successful at the plot level while contributing to pressure at the district level.
Without continued improvements in transport, water management, wastewater treatment, waste collection and housing planning, the residence economy could deepen many of the pressures already associated with tourism growth.
Canggu’s experience should therefore inform how future residential and lifestyle growth is managed in Uluwatu, Pererenan, Seseh, Tabanan, Sanur, Ubud and other emerging areas.
Different regions do not need to follow the same development model.
But each requires infrastructure and community planning that reflects how the area is actually being used.
Living in Bali requires the right legal foundation
A credible residence economy cannot be built around legal ambiguity.
People choosing to live in Bali should hold immigration status appropriate to their actual purpose—whether employment, investment, remote work, education, family life, retirement or another authorised activity.
Indonesia’s increasingly differentiated residence pathways demonstrate an effort to attract investment, skills, families and long-term residents while maintaining clearer expectations around lawful activity and compliance.
However, permission to stay does not automatically permit every form of work or commercial activity.
Forming a company does not make every activity compliant.
Immigration status does not by itself determine tax residence.
Leasing a property does not guarantee that it may legally be operated as tourist accommodation.
Immigration, employment, taxation, company licensing and property use are connected legal questions, but they are not interchangeable.
Residents and business owners therefore need clear and reliable guidance linking these different obligations.
Predictable administration and fair enforcement would protect compliant residents, legitimate businesses and local communities while reducing the space available to informal operators and unqualified intermediaries.
The answer is not only stricter enforcement.
It is also better service design.
Clear official information, coordinated administration and accessible correction procedures would make compliance easier for people genuinely trying to follow the rules.
Consistent enforcement against serious non-compliance involving visas, business licences, employment and property structures remains important for public confidence.
A lawful and predictable residence system benefits everyone operating responsibly.
Integration creates greater long-term value
The residence economy creates greater value when internationally oriented housing, businesses, services and professional networks are connected with Indonesian and Balinese communities and institutions.
Integration does not require residents to abandon their identity or assimilate completely.
It means recognising that living in Bali creates responsibilities as well as benefits.
A more integrated model would encourage residents to:
Use appropriately licensed Indonesian businesses and professional services
Employ people formally and invest in their development
Purchase from local suppliers
Learn practical Bahasa Indonesia
Understand the roles of the banjar and desa adat
Respect religious ceremonies, sacred places and community rules
Participate in neighbourhood and environmental initiatives
Avoid arrangements designed to bypass regulations
Build professional relationships with Indonesian entrepreneurs and institutions
Property managers, schools, employers, immigration advisers and residential developments could support this through practical cultural and regulatory orientation.
This is not about forcing cultural assimilation.
It is about helping people understand that Bali is a living society—not simply a lifestyle product.
Social licence matters
Community acceptance, sometimes described as social licence, is economically important.
When communities believe that long-term residence creates respect, opportunity and shared benefit, it becomes more sustainable.
When growth contributes primarily to congestion, exclusion, cultural misunderstanding and rising costs, public concern is likely to increase.
The behaviour of a visible minority can also influence perceptions of the wider international community.
Noise, inappropriate conduct at cultural or sacred locations, public disputes, unlawful business activity and insensitive social-media behaviour can create reputational consequences extending beyond the people involved.
Long-term residence should therefore imply a deeper responsibility than tourism.
Residents participate in neighbourhoods, use local infrastructure throughout the year and influence the commercial and social character of an area.
Their relationship with Bali cannot be measured only by how much money they spend.
Respect, participation and conduct also matter.
A better-governed and better-integrated residence economy
A stronger residence economy could be organised around six principles.
Lawful status
Immigration, employment, investment and business permissions should match people’s actual activities.
Productive contribution
Residents should contribute through external income, formal investment, employment, knowledge, local procurement or durable year-round demand.
Community integration
Cultural orientation, practical Bahasa Indonesia and engagement with Indonesian and Balinese institutions should become normal elements of long-term residence.
Housing balance
Premium residential demand should not eliminate realistic housing options for local communities and essential workers.
Infrastructure compatibility
Residence growth should be directed towards districts with sufficient roads, water, wastewater, waste systems, healthcare and education capacity.
Transparent evidence
Better aggregated information is needed on active residents, geographic concentration, housing demand, employment and economic contribution.
This would move the public discussion away from a simplistic choice between welcoming or rejecting international residents.
The more useful distinction is between a well-governed, integrated residence economy and unmanaged growth.
The stronger outcome
In the stronger outcome, Bali develops an ecosystem connecting residents with Indonesian businesses, education, healthcare, innovation, creative industries and professional services.
International and domestic residents establish durable companies, research partnerships and exportable services.
Local management, employment and ownership increase.
Housing and infrastructure are planned around the people who actually use them.
In this outcome, Bali does not merely become a desirable place to live.
It becomes a place from which meaningful economic, professional and intellectual value is created.
Managed well, the residence economy could strengthen Bali’s healthcare, education, professional services, entrepreneurship and year-round economic resilience.
Without appropriate planning and coordination, it could also increase housing costs, congestion, informality and social separation without materially improving productivity.
The purpose of this analysis is not to criticise international residence.
It is to encourage a constructive discussion about how its benefits can be strengthened and its pressures managed fairly.
The difference will be determined not by how many people choose Bali, but by the quality of the systems through which they live, work and participate.
05
Article 03 · Published 18 August 2026
Why Schools Are Reshaping Bali’s Family Relocation Map
How education choices, emerging family communities and the needs of a growing generation are influencing where families live—and how long they stay
When families ask whether Bali is a realistic place to relocate, the first question is rarely about beaches, restaurants or villas.
It is usually about school.
As a parent living in Bali, I understand why. Choosing a school affects where a family lives, how much time is spent travelling each day, which friendships and activities shape a child’s life, and whether a temporary move can develop into a long-term home.
Bali’s culture, climate and lifestyle may create the initial attraction. But families are more likely to stay when everyday life works—and education is one of the most important parts of that equation.
Bali does not yet publish a complete dataset showing how many domestic and international families have relocated to the island, how long they remain or where their children study. Tourist arrivals and visa figures cannot answer those questions accurately.
The broader direction, however, is becoming visible.
School choice has expanded. New campuses have opened. Some established schools have extended their educational pathways, while family services, sports programmes and residential communities are increasingly developing around Bali’s principal education areas.
None of these signals independently proves the scale of family relocation.
Together, they suggest that education is becoming increasingly important to Bali’s development as a place where families do more than visit.
This supports an idea explored throughout Bali in Transformation: education is not only a social service. It is part of the infrastructure that allows families to build a life somewhere.
Schools can influence whether a family relocates, which area it chooses, what kind of home it requires and how long it remains.
Education often comes before property
For many relocating families, the school decision comes before the property decision.
The process frequently looks like this:
Choose a curriculum → confirm availability → understand the costs and long-term pathway → test the daily journey → select a neighbourhood → find a home
This is why I describe internationally oriented schools as a form of relocation infrastructure.
A school does more than serve families already living in Bali. Its presence can influence whether a family moves to the island at all.
It can also determine which part of Bali becomes a realistic place to live.
A beautiful villa may initially appear ideal. But that attraction can disappear quickly if parents and children spend several hours every day travelling to and from school.
Bali’s traffic makes this particularly important. A relatively short distance on a map does not necessarily translate into a convenient weekday journey.
The best property decision is therefore not always based on architecture, proximity to the beach or the reputation of a neighbourhood.
It should begin with the family’s actual routine.
Where is the school? How predictable is the journey during morning and afternoon traffic? Where are sports, healthcare, supermarkets and other everyday services?
For families, location is measured in time as much as distance.
More schools do not automatically mean an easier decision
Bali now offers a broad range of international and internationally oriented schools.
Available choices include International Baccalaureate programmes, British and Cambridge pathways, French education, Montessori schools, bilingual programmes, sustainability-led education and progressive or project-based models.
This variety is a significant advantage.
It means Bali can appeal to families with different educational expectations and different plans for the future.
But the total number of schools does not reveal whether a particular institution has space in the required grade, offers a complete secondary pathway or provides the academic, language and emotional support a child may need.
Schools also differ significantly in teaching philosophy, qualifications, fees, location, university preparation and extracurricular opportunities.
The right school is not necessarily the most famous or most expensive.
It is the one that suits the child, the family’s values, the likely length of residence and the next stage of the child’s education.
A family moving to Bali for one year may have very different priorities from a family hoping to remain for a decade.
Educational continuity matters more than school quantity
A school may be ideal for a seven-year-old today, but parents must also consider what happens when that child is 14, 16 or preparing for university.
Does the school currently operate through upper-secondary education?
Is its curriculum transferable?
Which final qualifications are available?
Are those qualifications recognised by universities in the countries the child may later consider?
These questions matter because many families initially expect to stay in Bali for only one or two years.
Then life changes.
Parents establish businesses or professional networks. Children develop friendships. The family becomes part of a community. A temporary relocation gradually becomes a much longer chapter.
The education pathway must be able to grow with that decision.
Otherwise, a family may enjoy several successful years in Bali but eventually feel forced to move again when its children reach upper-secondary education.
For long-term relocation, educational continuity is therefore more important than the headline number of schools.
Bali’s emerging education geography
Bali’s international-school market is not distributed evenly.
Schools have developed in several broad geographic groupings. These areas increasingly influence where families search for homes, organise their daily routines and build social communities.
The geographic labels used below are analytical groupings. They are not official school districts, government planning designations or formally recognised education corridors.
The schools mentioned are selected examples used to illustrate Bali’s changing education geography. Their inclusion does not constitute a ranking, recommendation or endorsement.
Families should independently verify licensing, accreditation, curriculum, grade availability, fees, admissions and learning support before making relocation or property decisions.
Canggu–Berawa–Umalas
The Canggu–Berawa–Umalas area contains several of Bali’s established international and alternative schools.
Canggu Community School provides an established pathway from Early Years through Year 13, including the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.
Montessori School Bali offers an alternative built around Montessori principles, while Lycée Français de Bali provides a French and multilingual pathway. ProEd Global School adds Cambridge-oriented secondary options and personalised student support.
Together, these schools make the area relevant to families seeking different educational philosophies within one broader location.
A substantial ecosystem of childcare, tutoring, sports, healthcare and family-oriented businesses has also developed around them.
The principal limitation is practical.
Heavy traffic can make short journeys unpredictable and weaken the daily convenience that originally attracted families to the area.
Canggu demonstrates how schools can support a thriving family community. It also demonstrates how the benefits of a strong family and education ecosystem can be weakened when traffic and supporting public systems do not keep pace with development.
Families considering the area should test their school journey during actual morning and afternoon traffic before selecting a home.
Sanur and southeast Denpasar
The broader Sanur and southeast Denpasar area offers a different proposition.
Its schools are spread across Sanur, Renon, Kesiman and Kura Kura Bali rather than concentrated in one neighbourhood.
Bali Island School provides a full International Baccalaureate continuum from its Sanur campus.
Sanur Independent School offers Early Years, Primary and Lower Secondary education within a community-oriented environment. Its programmes incorporate Cambridge standards alongside relevant Indonesian curriculum requirements.
Dyatmika combines internationally transferable education with Indonesian curriculum requirements, Bahasa Indonesia and cultural learning. This bilingual and bicultural approach may be especially relevant to Indonesian, dual-nationality and mixed-nationality families.
Gandhi Memorial Intercontinental School Bali in Renon provides another established full-school option. It is authorised to offer the International Baccalaureate Primary Years, Middle Years, Diploma and Career-related Programmes and also provides Cambridge IGCSE.
ACS Bali at Kura Kura Bali is a significant recent addition.
ACS Bali currently serves Grades 1–8 and holds Indonesian SPK operating permits covering Grades 1–9. Its senior-secondary expansion and intended IB Diploma provision remain planned, subject to licensing, IB authorisation and phased implementation.
The strategic strength of the broader Sanur and southeast Denpasar area lies in the combination of educational choice, established residential neighbourhoods, access to central Denpasar and improving healthcare capacity.
This could reinforce Sanur’s evolution as a more complete year-round family and residential market.
Its principal limitation is that the schools are geographically dispersed. Families must assess each journey individually rather than assuming everything described as part of the Sanur area is nearby.
The wider Ubud–Tegallalang–Sibang education and sustainability landscape
The wider Ubud–Tegallalang–Sibang area has developed a distinctive educational identity around nature, creativity, sustainability and alternative learning.
This is a geographically broad analytical grouping rather than one compact or officially recognised education corridor.
Green School Bali is a prominent example. Located in Sibang Kaja, it provides a progressive pathway from Early Years through Grade 12 centred on real-world and sustainability-focused learning.
Its curriculum is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges, allowing graduates to receive a recognised US high-school diploma.
The British School of Bali provides a more conventional British-curriculum option in Tegallalang, within the wider Ubud area.
The school opened in September 2025 for children aged two to eleven. Its current provision covers Pre-Nursery through Year 6 and follows an internationally adapted English National Curriculum.
The school has announced Year 7 from September 2026. Until that provision is confirmed as operational, it should continue to be treated as planned.
The wider area’s attraction lies less in the density of international services and more in access to nature, creative communities and particular educational philosophies.
Its main challenge is geography.
Green School Bali, the British School of Bali and central Ubud are not located close to one another. Families must carefully compare the precise school location with housing, work, healthcare and daily activities.
Describing these schools as part of a broad education and sustainability landscape does not mean they form a convenient daily circuit.
Nuanu–Tanah Lot
The Nuanu–Tanah Lot area is smaller and newer than the established Canggu, Sanur and southeast Denpasar education markets.
Its significance lies in the attempt to connect formal schooling with art, nature, technology, recreation and creative experiences inside a broader mixed-use district.
ProEd Global School’s Nuanu campus provides a formal school anchor. The school’s published information for the 2025–2026 academic year described provision from Nursery through Year 10, with Year 11 announced for 2026–2027.
Because that expansion is time-sensitive, families should verify which grades are operating at the time of application.
The surrounding Nuanu ecosystem includes developing concepts connected with creativity, environmental learning, science, technology and immersive experiences.
This could eventually offer children valuable learning opportunities beyond the classroom.
However, Nuanu should still be described as an emerging education and family area—not a completed one.
Its long-term importance will depend on educational quality, accessibility, affordability, reliable year-round programming, local participation and the successful delivery of announced facilities.
Masterplans and announcements can create interest, but they do not guarantee educational outcomes.
The ecosystem should ultimately be judged by what families and students can use consistently.
Jimbaran–Bukit–Uluwatu
Southern Bali is also beginning to develop a family-education market of its own.
School choice remains more limited than in Canggu or southeast Denpasar, but newer options are reducing the need for families in Jimbaran, Pecatu, Ungasan and Uluwatu to travel towards central Bali.
Asian Intercultural School Bali in Jimbaran is an SPK and registered Cambridge International School.
Its official profile describes Cambridge Primary, Lower Secondary and IGCSE pathways, with AS examinations in Year 11 and Year 12 planned for the following academic year.
However, another prominent page on the school’s website continues to describe its current provision as Primary 1 through Year 10. Because the school’s published information is not fully consistent, families should verify the operating year groups directly with the school.
Uluwatu School represents a newer and phased model with an inquiry-led, experiential and place-based approach. Its educational model includes ocean literacy and social-emotional development.
The school opened in August 2025 with a founding cohort from Grades 1–6. Admissions are currently open for Grades 1–8.
The school states that its Middle School will expand in August 2026, followed by phased development into High School. Upper-secondary provision should therefore continue to be described as future expansion until it is operational.
The southern Bali education landscape is still developing, but its growth reflects the increasing number of families seeking schools closer to Jimbaran and the Bukit Peninsula’s residential communities.
The opportunity is clear. As the area’s residential population grows, demand for schools, healthcare, sports and family services is likely to increase.
Its challenge is whether educational capacity, roads, water, healthcare and other supporting systems can develop alongside residential construction.
Without that coordination, families may find attractive homes but struggle to build practical weekday routines.
Families choose a complete geography
The geographic view makes one point especially clear:
Families are not choosing only a school.
They are choosing the complete geography of their daily lives.
Canggu–Berawa–Umalas offers a dense concentration of established international options, but also significant traffic pressure.
Sanur and southeast Denpasar provide a broad combination of education, established neighbourhoods and improving healthcare access.
The wider Ubud–Tegallalang–Sibang landscape is distinctive for sustainability-focused, alternative and British education, but its schools are geographically dispersed.
Nuanu is emerging around the relationship between formal schooling, creativity, nature and technology.
Jimbaran and the Bukit Peninsula are beginning to develop a more locally accessible family-education market.
No area is automatically right for every family.
The practical question is whether the selected school, home and surrounding community can support a child’s needs not only today, but several years into the future.
Schools create communities—not only classrooms
Families need more than education during school hours.
They need friendships, childcare, sports, arts, tutoring, healthcare, safe activities and places where parents and children can develop a sense of community.
These services frequently grow around established schools.
Families usually enter longer rental agreements, purchase household goods and use education, healthcare, sports and professional services throughout the year.
Their lives are organised around weekly routines rather than tourism seasons.
Schools may therefore support more stable residential demand and more predictable year-round economic activity, although the size of this effect cannot yet be quantified reliably.
But their deeper effect is social.
Children growing up in Bali can learn Bahasa Indonesia, build friendships with Indonesian and international classmates and develop a relationship with the island that is very different from that of a visitor.
Families become connected to neighbourhoods, school communities, sports clubs and cultural programmes.
That integration matters.
A family can find a good school and a comfortable home but still remain socially disconnected.
Long-term relocation works better when families learn practical Bahasa Indonesia, understand local customs and institutions, respect ceremonies and traditions, and build relationships beyond a purely international social circle.
International education should not produce isolated communities that simply occupy the same island.
A stronger model connects internationally mobile families with Indonesian and Balinese communities through cultural education, scholarships, shared sports and arts, environmental programmes, language exchange, teacher development and cooperation with local schools and universities.
International schools are an important layer of Bali’s education ecosystem, but they serve a relatively limited fee-paying market.
They are not a replacement for strong public education or accessible Indonesian private schools.
Their wider contribution will partly depend on whether knowledge, opportunity and participation extend beyond their campuses.
Bali’s next test is supporting teenagers
Bali is becoming increasingly capable of attracting families with younger children.
The harder question comes later.
Can the island continue supporting those families when their children become teenagers, prepare for final examinations and begin thinking about university, careers and independence?
A younger child may be well served by a welcoming school, swimming, playdates and nearby family activities.
A teenager needs more.
Teenagers need recognised secondary qualifications, university and career counselling, academic support, serious sports and creative pathways, mental-health resources, safe places to socialise and greater independence.
They also need meaningful exposure to science, technology, entrepreneurship, leadership and the professional world.
As a parent, I have seen how quickly these needs change.
At one stage, the priorities are friendships, a supportive classroom and convenient activities.
A few years later, the questions become more serious: qualifications, personal development, independence and preparation for adulthood.
A destination that wants families to remain long term must support that complete journey.
Bali has become better at supporting childhood.
Its next challenge is supporting the transition into adulthood.
Learning should continue after the school day
This creates one of Bali’s strongest opportunities for the next phase of its family ecosystem.
The island needs more places where children and teenagers can learn, experiment and socialise safely outside normal school hours.
Academic progression requires tutoring, language support, examination preparation and university counselling.
Skills and creativity require structured opportunities in coding, robotics, artificial intelligence, science, music, performing arts, debate, design, film and digital production.
These opportunities should not be limited to occasional holiday camps. Children remaining in Bali for several years need pathways through which they can progress.
Personal development also requires competitive sports, mentoring, volunteering, leadership programmes and environmental projects.
Bali already has many individual academies and activities. The next step is greater depth: qualified coaching, age-based progression, stronger competitions and opportunities to develop without repeatedly travelling outside the island.
Teenagers also need safe independence.
Libraries, creative studios, youth centres, sports facilities and learning hubs could provide places where young people meet, study and explore their interests.
Transport is part of this challenge.
Older children need safe and dependable ways to move between home, school and activities without relying on a parent for every journey.
These services are not optional luxuries for a family considering a ten-year life in Bali.
They help determine whether children continue developing—and whether parents believe the island can support the next stage of family life.
From separate activities to a learning ecosystem
Bali already has schools, universities, tutors, sports clubs, academies, environmental organisations and creative programmes.
The opportunity is to connect them more effectively.
International and Indonesian schools could work more closely with universities, cultural institutions, technology companies, environmental organisations, hospitality groups and other employers.
This could create opportunities for young people to participate in marine and mangrove research, cultural and language programmes, supervised work experience, technology challenges, entrepreneurship, arts production and community service.
Kura Kura and Nuanu could contribute to this future, but they should not become the only centres.
Sanur, Denpasar, Canggu, Ubud and southern Bali all have family communities capable of supporting youth-development and learning facilities.
The objective should not be to reproduce school inside another building.
It should be to create places where children discover interests, work with experts, meet peers from different backgrounds and connect education with the real world.
This would make Bali more attractive not only to families, but also to teachers, researchers, entrepreneurs and employers seeking a deeper local talent ecosystem.
Housing and infrastructure remain part of the education story
Education also influences Bali’s property market.
Families often look for larger homes, functional kitchens, storage, safe outdoor areas and proximity to schools and activities.
They usually require longer leases than short-term visitors.
This can support stable residential communities and professionally managed long-term housing.
But growing family demand can also increase pressure on rents and land around popular schools.
The issue extends beyond relocating families.
Teachers, coaches, administrators, healthcare workers and other people supporting these communities also require realistic access to housing and transport.
A family destination cannot function sustainably if the people teaching in its schools and operating its services are progressively priced out of the surrounding area.
This is why school expansion, residential development, workforce housing and mobility should not be treated as separate subjects.
They are part of the same system.
Before choosing a school and home in Bali
Families considering relocation should verify:
whether the required grade is currently operating and has availability
whether the child can remain through upper-secondary education
whether the curriculum and final qualifications are transferable
whether those qualifications support the likely university pathway
the complete annual cost beyond tuition
the actual commute during school arrival and collection times
the availability of academic, language and emotional support
the quality of nearby sports, arts and teenage activities
whether the neighbourhood will still suit the family several years later
whether the family has the appropriate legal residence arrangements
This process should happen before signing a long lease or purchasing a property.
Planned grade expansion should never be treated as guaranteed until it is licensed, operational and adequately staffed.
The challenges remain real
Bali’s expanding education market is a significant advantage, but family relocation is not automatically easy.
International education can be expensive.
Places may be limited in particular grades.
Some schools do not yet provide a complete secondary pathway.
Families may underestimate travel times, additional costs and the emotional impact of changing schools or education systems.
A large number of school choices also does not demonstrate consistent quality, affordability or capacity across every age group.
Every family must assess each institution carefully.
The quality of Bali’s family ecosystem should not be judged only by the number of premium schools, luxury residences or affluent families it attracts.
It should also be judged by educational quality, community integration, accessibility, local employment, teacher development, housing conditions and the wider value created for Bali.
From a place to visit to a place to grow up
Bali will continue to attract families through its culture, landscape, climate and way of life.
But those qualities alone cannot support a child’s complete journey from early childhood to adulthood.
Families remain when they find education they trust, communities in which they feel welcome and daily routines that continue to work.
They remain when children can learn, form friendships, develop their talents and prepare for the future without the family constantly questioning whether it will eventually need to leave.
The important story is therefore not simply that Bali has more international schools.
It is that the island is gradually becoming more capable of supporting families through several stages of their lives.
The emergence of distinct education areas—and newer learning environments such as Kura Kura and Nuanu—adds another layer to that transformation.
Their long-term value will not be determined only by school buildings, attractions or masterplans.
It will be determined by whether they create accessible, connected and meaningful environments in which children and families can genuinely grow.
Bali may first attract a family as a destination.
Education can help turn it into a home.
The complete test is whether children can also grow, develop and prepare for adulthood here.
06
Article 04 · Published 31 August 2026
Can Bali’s Infrastructure Keep Pace with Its Transformation?
Why mobility, airports, ports, water, wastewater, waste management, energy and digital connectivity will determine the quality of Bali’s next phase
Bali is entering one of the most consequential periods of transformation in its modern history.
Healthcare, education, hospitality, retail, residential development and new economic zones are expanding. The island continues to attract visitors and investors, but it is also attracting more entrepreneurs, professionals, families and long-term residents who expect Bali to function not only as a holiday destination, but as a place to live, work, study, receive medical care and build businesses.
This creates significant economic opportunity.
It also raises a fundamental question:
Can Bali’s infrastructure keep pace with its transformation?
The answer is qualified.
Bali can support another phase of growth, but not through isolated construction projects alone. A new road, airport, public-transport system, dam, marina or waste-treatment plant may add valuable capacity. None can resolve the island’s infrastructure challenges unless it forms part of a connected and professionally operated system.
A mass-transit system requires accessible stops, feeder buses and safe walking routes. A dam requires treatment plants, transmission pipelines and reliable distribution. A waste-to-energy facility requires separation, collection, composting and recycling before residual waste reaches the plant. Airport expansion requires dependable ground transport. New development requires water, wastewater treatment, drainage, electricity and waste capacity from the beginning.
Bali’s real challenge is therefore not simply to build more.
It is to convert investment into connected, maintained and dependable daily services—and to prevent development from moving faster than the systems needed to support it.
Infrastructure is Bali’s operating system
Infrastructure is often discussed through large projects, budgets and groundbreaking ceremonies.
For residents, however, infrastructure is experienced through everyday life.
It is the time required to travel to work or school. It is whether an ambulance can move through traffic. It is whether water remains available during the dry season and whether streets drain after intense rain. It is whether waste is collected properly, wastewater is treated, electricity remains stable and internet connections can support hospitals, schools, payments and modern businesses.
Infrastructure is therefore more than concrete, asphalt, pipelines and cables.
It is the operating system connecting Bali’s economy, communities and environment.
When that operating system functions well, growth can improve quality of life, create investment and strengthen regional opportunity.
When it fails, the consequences appear through congestion, flooding, groundwater pressure, polluted rivers, unmanaged waste, unreliable journeys and growing inequality between developments with private infrastructure and communities dependent on public services.
Bali’s future will be determined not only by how much the island builds, but by how well the individual parts work together.
The demand placed on Bali is much larger than its population
Bali has approximately 4.5 million permanent residents, but its infrastructure supports a much larger and more dynamic population.
In 2025, Bali recorded 6,948,754 direct international visitor arrivals, an increase of 9.72 per cent from 2024. Millions of domestic journeys, daily commuting movements, freight deliveries, ceremonies and inter-island passenger trips add further pressure.
These figures cannot simply be added together because they measure different types of movement rather than the number of people physically present at one time. They nevertheless show that Bali’s infrastructure serves demand extending far beyond its resident population.
Every visitor or additional resident creates a chain of infrastructure requirements.
People must travel from an airport or port. They use accommodation, roads, electricity, water and digital networks. They generate wastewater and solid waste. Longer-term households also require healthcare, schools, professional services, sports facilities, retail and year-round housing.
The problem is made more difficult because demand is concentrated.
South Bali contains the international airport, the largest hospitality and commercial clusters, major employment centres and many of the island’s highest-value residential areas. That concentration generates economic efficiency, but it also intensifies congestion, construction, land pressure, water consumption, electricity demand and waste generation.
Demand also varies by time and location.
Traffic rises around school hours, airport flight periods, ceremonies, public holidays and peak visitor seasons. Hospitality and residential districts can experience sharp changes in water and electricity use. Employees often commute between expensive tourism centres and more affordable housing farther away.
Island-wide averages can therefore create a misleading sense of capacity.
A provincial water-access figure may appear strong while specific neighbourhoods experience shortages. Most roads may be paved while a small number of intersections determine journey times across an entire region.
The relevant question is not simply how much infrastructure Bali possesses.
It is whether dependable infrastructure is available in the right place, at the right time and at the standard required by a growing economy.
Bali does not have one traffic problem
Bali’s congestion is often described as one island-wide problem.
In reality, it consists of several corridor-specific problems connected by a common dependence on private vehicles, limited road space and development patterns that generate more movement than existing streets were designed to accommodate.
The solutions will therefore differ by location.
Canggu, Berawa, Umalas and Kerobokan
Few places illustrate the relationship between development and infrastructure more clearly than the western growth corridor.
Over a relatively short period, Canggu and its surrounding districts developed from quieter villages and agricultural landscapes into one of Bali’s most internationally visible lifestyle markets.
Villas, restaurants, hotels, beach clubs, international schools, gyms, sports venues, cafés, wellness businesses and retail concepts arrived rapidly.
The economic transformation has been extraordinary.
However, much of that development occurred around roads originally designed for village movement and significantly lower traffic volumes.
Small local roads became major residential and tourism corridors. Intersections became bottlenecks. Commercial venues opened with inadequate parking, loading and passenger drop-off space. Ride-hailing vehicles, deliveries, construction trucks, residents, visitors and local traffic began competing for the same limited network.
The pressure is not caused only by visitors entering Canggu. The same roads simultaneously serve:
Residents travelling to work and school
Tourists, taxis and ride-hailing vehicles
Hotel, restaurant and villa deliveries
Employees commuting from other districts
Construction traffic
Waste collection
Vehicles passing through the area
On a narrow corridor, a delivery vehicle, roadside parking, a turning construction truck or flooding near a junction can reduce the capacity of an entire route.
Canggu should not be presented as a failure. Its growth demonstrates Bali’s exceptional ability to attract investment, entrepreneurship and international demand.
The strategic question is whether the area can now evolve from a successful market phenomenon into a better-managed urban district.
That requires more than additional roads. It requires continuous pedestrian routes, public transport, disciplined parking, defined loading areas, junction management, drainage, wastewater planning and clearer requirements for major developments to contribute to the infrastructure they require.
Infrastructure should guide development—not permanently chase it.
Airport, Kuta, Legian, Seminyak and Kerobokan
A second pressure corridor connects Ngurah Rai International Airport with Kuta, Legian, Seminyak, Kerobokan and the western coastal districts.
It carries airport transfers, tourism transport, hotel and restaurant deliveries, nightlife traffic, daily commuting and onward movement towards Canggu.
Many journeys eventually converge on a limited number of roads and intersections.
Passenger collection, hotel transfers, roadside loading, narrow access roads, inadequate parking and the absence of a high-capacity public-transport alternative all contribute to unpredictable journey times.
The immediate constraint on airport growth may therefore not always be the terminal or runway.
It may be the journey between the airport and the passenger’s final destination.
Improvement requires airport transport, buses, hotel transfers, parking, commercial deliveries, pedestrian access and any future mass-transit connection to function as one coordinated system. Otherwise, an improvement at one junction may simply move congestion farther along the corridor.
Sanur, Serangan and Benoa
The By Pass Ngurah Rai is one of Bali’s most strategically important transport spines.
It connects the airport and southern tourism districts with Benoa, Sanur, eastern Denpasar and routes towards Gianyar. It carries commuting, port access, freight, school journeys, airport traffic, commercial deliveries and longer-distance movement at the same time.
Sanur Harbour has created an additional concentration of activity. Fast-boat passengers, taxis, ride-hailing vehicles, buses and private cars arrive around similar departure and arrival periods. Without adequate parking, passenger staging and circulation, harbour growth transfers pressure directly into surrounding neighbourhoods.
The wider Sanur area is also entering a new economic phase.
Bali International Hospital and the Sanur Health Special Economic Zone are strengthening the area’s healthcare role. ICON Bali, international education and the phased development of Kura Kura Bali are creating new reasons to visit, work, study, live and invest in southeast Bali.
Kura Kura Bali’s waterfront plans include residential, commercial, hospitality and marina components. Marine and development work has been reported, but the marina is not yet operating and remains subject to the required spatial, coastal, environmental and regulatory processes.
The project could eventually support yacht services, provisioning, hospitality, waterfront retail and longer-stay maritime tourism. Its development status and compliance milestones should continue to be monitored.
This broader transformation is positive for Sanur’s long-term economic position.
It will also generate additional patient, employee, student, resident, visitor and service traffic.
Sanur has an opportunity to prepare earlier than Canggu did. Public transport, parking, pedestrian access, water, drainage, wastewater and waste capacity should be strengthened before infrastructure pressure becomes a permanent feature of daily life.
Jimbaran, Nusa Dua, Ungasan, Pecatu and Uluwatu
Development pressure is also increasing across the Bukit Peninsula.
Hotels, villas, residential communities, beach clubs, restaurants, attractions and construction projects are expanding across Jimbaran, Ungasan, Pecatu and Uluwatu.
Much of the peninsula remains dependent on a limited number of north–south roads and critical junctions.
Badung formally began an important road programme on 27 July 2026. The initial programme includes specific South Ring Road sections, improvements around Simpang Siligita and an approximately 4.77-kilometre northern connection involving Berawa, Umalas, Kedampang and Teuku Umar Barat.
The announced programme covers approximately 10.89 kilometres in South Badung, together with the northern connection, and represents more than IDR 2.9 trillion in planned investment.
This should not be interpreted as meaning that an entire future ring road around South Bali is already funded and under construction.
The works formally commenced in July relate to defined priority sections. A complete connection around the wider southern peninsula towards the Bali Mandara Toll Road remains a broader, longer-term concept unless additional sections, financing and construction packages are formally confirmed.
The new roads could improve access and reduce journey uncertainty.
They may also make previously difficult-to-access land more attractive for development. That development then creates more vehicles, construction, deliveries, employees, water consumption and waste.
Unless road investment is coordinated with land-use controls, public transport, drainage and utility capacity, congestion may eventually return at a higher level or move to another part of the network.
The objective should not simply be to move more vehicles into the Bukit.
It should be to support access while ensuring that the development attracted by new roads remains within the area’s long-term infrastructure and environmental capacity.
Ubud and the challenge of historic centres
Ubud faces a different mobility problem.
The town combines local movement with hotel shuttles, tour buses, taxis, ride-hailing, deliveries, ceremonies and intense pedestrian activity inside an established cultural centre with limited road width.
Central Ubud cannot easily create major new road capacity without affecting communities, temples, heritage and the character that supports its economic appeal.
More appropriate solutions may include parking at the edge of the centre, frequent shuttle services, controlled access for large vehicles, defined delivery periods, improved pedestrian routes and stronger enforcement against roadside parking.
The objective should be accessibility without allowing transport infrastructure to destroy the qualities that make the destination valuable.
Roads alone cannot solve mobility
Selective road improvements will remain necessary.
Bali, however, cannot build enough roads to accommodate unlimited growth in cars and motorcycles.
New road capacity can provide short-term relief, but it can also stimulate additional development and vehicle use. Roads in established areas are difficult to widen because they pass through villages, commercial districts, temple areas and dense communities.
A road may also have a good surface and still perform badly because of:
Inadequate intersections
Roadside parking
Unmanaged drop-off areas
Narrow bridges
Construction traffic
Poor drainage
Insufficient pedestrian space
A lack of alternative routes
Bali’s long-term objective should not be to eliminate private vehicles.
It should be to make them less necessary for routine journeys, particularly in the island’s most congested corridors.
Public transport must function as a network
Bali already has an operating foundation on which to build.
Trans Metro Dewata currently serves six corridors connecting important locations including Kuta, Tabanan, Ubung, Ngurah Rai Airport, Sanur, Ubud, Jimbaran and Nusa Dua.
Ridership reportedly rose above 5,000 passengers per day during parts of July and August 2026. Bali’s Transportation Agency has proposed continued operating funding for 2027, while an electric-bus trial has also been discussed for Trans Sarbagita.
These are encouraging developments.
However, a useful public-transport system requires more than buses operating on individual routes.
It requires frequent and dependable services, simple fares, safe stops, neighbourhood feeders, routes connecting housing with employment centres and operating hours that reflect the working patterns of hospitals, hotels, restaurants, schools and the airport.
Walking conditions are also part of public transport. A passenger cannot use a bus or tram effectively if reaching the stop requires walking along an unsafe road without a continuous pavement.
In the busiest corridors, buses operating in the same congestion as private cars will struggle to provide a faster or more reliable alternative. Bus-priority measures, properly located interchange points and managed parking may eventually be required.
Stable operating funding is equally important.
Vehicles, stops, passenger information and ticketing systems require maintenance, staffing and long-term service payments.
Without these commitments, Bali will continue to have individual routes.
With them, it can develop a genuine mobility network.
Bali’s mass-transit debate has changed direction
For several years, Bali’s future mass-transit system was presented through the Bali Urban Railway or Bali Subway concept.
Earlier proposals described a four-phase underground network connecting the airport with Kuta, Seminyak, Berawa and Cemagi; the airport with Jimbaran and Nusa Dua; Kuta with Renon and Sanur; and Renon with Sukawati and Ubud.
Those maps should now be treated as earlier concepts—not as a committed railway network.
The private underground MRT proposal failed to secure the investment commitment required to proceed as previously presented. On 6 August 2026, Governor Wayan Koster stated that the provincial government preferred Autonomous Rail Transit, or ART, as a more efficient and technically practical alternative.
ART is often described publicly as an autonomous or electric tram. Depending on the system eventually selected, it may use battery-electric, rubber-tyred vehicles guided through road markings, sensors or a virtual track rather than conventional steel rails.
The terminology matters because the technology, land requirements, capacity, cost and operating model may differ significantly from an underground MRT or traditional tramway.
Subsequent discussions involving Bali’s provincial government, Badung Regency, the Coordinating Ministry for Infrastructure and PT KAI remained at the study stage. Final technology, routes, financing, procurement, approvals and construction schedules had not been confirmed by the end of August 2026.
The earlier underground MRT proposal has stalled and is no longer the provincial government’s preferred option. An autonomous or electric tram system is now being studied, but its final technology, route, financing, procurement and construction schedule have not been confirmed.
Even if a new mass-transit system proceeds, it will not resolve congestion by itself.
Its success will depend on:
Fares that residents and employees can afford
Frequency and operating hours
Bus and shuttle connections
Safe access to stops
Luggage-friendly airport services
Parking policy
Dependable last-mile transport
Integration with employment and residential districts
Mass transit creates value when it improves complete door-to-door journeys—not merely when vehicles move efficiently between selected stops.
Water transport could support selected journeys
Water transport has also returned to Bali’s infrastructure discussion.
The Ministry of Transportation has been coordinating a proposed water-taxi corridor connecting the airport area, including Pantai Sekeh, with Pantai Berawa and the wider Canggu area.
The concept could provide an alternative for selected airport and tourism journeys while avoiding some of the most congested road corridors.
However, water taxis should not yet be presented as an operating solution or confirmed construction programme.
As of late August 2026, the project remained in technical preparation and coordination, including detailed engineering and supporting infrastructure considerations. Its routes, terminals, operating model, safety systems, environmental requirements, fare structure and integration with land transport still require confirmation.
Water transport may become a useful component of Bali’s mobility network.
It is unlikely to replace the need for reliable roads, buses, pedestrian access and wider public transport.
Ngurah Rai is entering a capacity-sensitive period
I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport handled 24,125,161 passenger movements in 2025. International passengers accounted for approximately 15.18 million movements, or 63 per cent of the total, while domestic passengers accounted for approximately 8.95 million.
This was numerically close to a previously stated annual terminal-capacity benchmark of approximately 24 million passengers.
The comparison is an indicator of pressure rather than proof that the airport has exceeded one fixed operational limit.
Airport capacity must be assessed at several levels:
Runway and aircraft movements
Gates and aircraft parking
Immigration and security
Baggage handling
Terminal circulation
Road access
The ability to recover after weather, technical or volcanic disruption
An airport can process its annual passenger total while still experiencing significant pressure during peak periods.
Ngurah Rai’s future capacity will therefore depend on terminal and airside improvements, but also on whether passengers can reach and leave the airport predictably.
North Bali aviation has two competing pathways
North Bali aviation requires particularly careful language because public statements have not always been consistent.
One pathway is the expansion of the existing Letkol Wisnu Airfield in Buleleng.
The current provincial and Ministry of Transportation focus has been described as developing Letkol Wisnu for specialised functions including emergency diversions, private jets, charter flights and logistics. The airfield could potentially become a more immediate aviation asset because the location already exists and some of the land and environmental issues associated with a completely new airport may be reduced.
In July 2026, the Minister of Transportation stated that Letkol Wisnu was the government’s immediate focus and that a second commercial facility comparable to Ngurah Rai was not currently planned.
A second pathway is the privately promoted proposal for a new international airport around Kubutambahan.
Supporters continue to point to its inclusion in national planning documents and argue that it could accommodate international and wide-body operations, improve access to North Bali and reduce concentration around Ngurah Rai.
However, planning recognition does not itself confirm construction.
A final location decision, land arrangements, environmental approvals, financing close, procurement process and verified construction programme have not been demonstrated publicly.
The two proposals should therefore not be combined or presented as one confirmed project.
Letkol Wisnu is the clearer near-term government focus. The Kubutambahan international-airport proposal continues to receive political and private-sector support, but conflicting public signals remain. Neither currently operates as Bali’s second international passenger gateway.
If a major new international airport eventually proceeds, it could materially alter Bali’s economic geography.
It would also require roads, public transport, water, power, waste systems, emergency services and a regional-development strategy capable of supporting the activity it generates.
Ports are part of the same system
Bali is an island, but maritime infrastructure often receives less attention than roads and airports.
Gilimanuk is a critical gateway for passengers, vehicles, food and construction materials arriving from Java. Padangbai supports movement towards Lombok and eastern Indonesia. Sanur connects Bali with Nusa Penida and Nusa Lembongan. Benoa supports commercial shipping, cruise activity and a developing maritime-tourism ecosystem.
The Benoa Maritime Tourism Hub is developing in phases, with some facilities operating while other components remain under development.
Ports can diversify tourism, improve logistics and support regional development.
However, additional port capacity requires:
Road access
Organised parking
Passenger staging
Freight management
Environmental protection
Safety and emergency services
Dependable onward transport
Nusa Penida demonstrates why this matters. More passenger and vehicle capacity at the gateway must be matched by water, roads, waste systems, healthcare, port safety and destination management on the receiving island.
A gateway creates economic value only when the infrastructure on both sides can absorb the movement it generates.
The Gilimanuk–Mengwi corridor remains important—but unresolved
The Gilimanuk–Mengwi Toll Road has long been presented as a major opportunity to improve Java–Bali logistics, reduce journey times and strengthen access to West Bali.
The project remains strategically relevant, but it should not be described as under construction.
It continues to move through preparation and public-private-partnership processes. Financing, procurement, land acquisition, sequencing and the final construction programme remain critical.
The current intended initial direction has focused on sections connecting Pekutatan, Soka and Mengwi rather than assuming that the entire original corridor will be delivered simultaneously.
In project preparation—not operational and not yet a completed construction commitment.
Water access is not the same as water security
Official access indicators show that a high proportion of Bali’s households use improved drinking-water sources.
That is an important achievement, but an improved source does not necessarily mean continuous piped supply, reliable pressure, consistent quality or environmentally sustainable extraction.
Hotels, villas, homes and businesses may also rely on groundwater, private wells, tankers or smaller local systems that are not fully represented by public utility coverage.
Bali’s water challenge is therefore both an infrastructure issue and a land-use issue.
Development increases demand. At the same time, replacing soil, vegetation and agricultural land with roofs, roads, pools and parking reduces infiltration and increases runoff.
Sidan Dam is an important addition to Bali’s water infrastructure. The completed dam has a reported storage capacity of 5.76 million cubic metres and forms part of a wider strategy involving raw-water supply, irrigation, flood mitigation and potential energy generation. It was formally inaugurated in July 2026.
But a dam does not deliver water directly to a home, hotel or hospital.
Water security depends on the complete chain:
Source protection → storage → treatment → transmission → distribution → leakage control → reliable delivery
The next test is whether stored and available raw water is converted into dependable services through treatment and distribution projects.
The proposed SPAM Ayung 1 water-supply project remains in preparation and procurement, with construction intended to contribute towards wider Sarbagita supply objectives in the coming years. It should not yet be presented as an operating system.
Future hotels, villas, residential districts and commercial projects should be expected to demonstrate where their water will come from, how much they will use and whether the surrounding system can support that demand.
Wastewater is Bali’s hidden infrastructure risk
Wastewater receives less public attention than traffic or solid waste because much of the problem is underground.
Many properties rely on septic tanks, communal facilities or private treatment plants rather than a central sewer.
The most important questions are not whether a tank or treatment system exists, but whether it works:
Was it designed correctly?
Is it maintained and emptied?
Where is collected sludge treated?
Is discharged water tested?
Are private treatment plants operated continuously?
How much untreated wastewater reaches groundwater, rivers and coastal areas?
The Denpasar Sewerage Development Project provides centralised infrastructure in parts of Denpasar, Sanur and Kuta, but it does not cover all of Bali’s rapidly developing districts.
New development should be connected to verified wastewater capacity before it begins operating. Where central sewerage is not available, credible decentralised treatment, inspection and testing should be required.
Wastewater may be less visible than an airport or road, but it directly affects public health, beaches, groundwater, coral ecosystems, tourism quality and property value.
Drainage must be planned across complete districts
Drainage cannot be managed effectively one property at a time.
Every road, roof, building and parking area changes how rainwater moves across the landscape.
When permeable land is replaced with hard surfaces, water reaches drains, roads and rivers more quickly. Flooding may then result from a combination of intense rainfall, blocked drains, insufficient local storage, reduced absorption areas, river conditions and infrastructure designed for a lower level of development.
Requiring each project to manage part of its own runoff is important, but it is not enough.
Drainage must be planned at catchment level across complete neighbourhoods and corridors.
The same principle applies to coastal protection.
Sea walls, groynes and beach nourishment may protect specific areas, but coastal resilience also depends on sediment movement, maintenance, evacuation access, ecosystem health and decisions about where development should be permitted.
Flood and coastal risk should influence land-use decisions before projects are built—not only after roads, beaches and buildings are already threatened.
Bali’s waste problem cannot be solved by one plant
Bali entered a new phase of waste-policy implementation in July 2026.
Mandatory waste sorting was introduced from 1 July. On 8 July, the Pedungan waste-to-energy project was formally launched in South Denpasar.
The facility is designed to process up to 1,500 tonnes of waste per day, with commercial operations targeted for the first half of 2028.
The project could become an important part of Bali’s residual-waste infrastructure.
It cannot replace a complete waste-management system.
That system requires:
Reduce → separate → collect → compost → recycle → treat residual waste → safely manage remaining material
Waste separation must begin with households, hotels, restaurants, offices, markets and public institutions.
Collection systems must then preserve the separated streams. Organic waste requires biological treatment or composting. Recyclables require reliable collection and markets. Hazardous material requires specialist handling.
Only the residual fraction should reach a final treatment facility.
The success of Bali’s waste strategy should therefore not be judged only by how many tonnes the Pedungan plant processes.
It should also be judged by:
How much waste is avoided
How consistently it is separated
How much organic material is treated
How much material is recycled
How little reaches rivers and the sea
Whether treatment emissions and ash are safely managed
The household responsibility introduced through source separation is not the government abandoning its role.
It is one necessary part of a system in which residents, businesses, collection providers, villages, regencies, treatment facilities and regulators all carry different responsibilities.
Electricity and digital connectivity support everything else
Almost every other infrastructure system depends on electricity.
Hospitals, hotels, schools, water pumps, wastewater plants, traffic systems, payment platforms, ports, telecommunications and digital businesses all require reliable power.
Future energy planning must therefore combine:
Sufficient generation
Stronger transmission
Reliable local distribution
Storage and backup capacity
More efficient buildings
Renewable-energy integration
Resilience for critical facilities
A new development should not be considered fully supported simply because it receives an electricity connection. Its additional demand must be considered as part of the wider local and island-wide network.
Planning for a stronger western-to-southern transmission backbone, including the proposed 500-kV Gilimanuk–Antosari/New Kapal corridor, remains strategically important. It should nevertheless be described as preparation-stage infrastructure until completed capacity is operating.
Indonesia’s wider solar-development programme may create future opportunities for Bali, but national renewable-energy targets should not be presented as confirmed Bali-specific generation capacity unless individual projects and locations have been formally allocated.
Digital connectivity requires the same distinction between nominal coverage and real performance.
Mobile or internet coverage does not automatically guarantee speed, upload capacity, affordability, cybersecurity or resilience during power and cable disruption.
Bali’s next economy will depend on digital infrastructure capable of supporting secure medical information, schools and universities, government services, international businesses, transport management, electronic payments, remote work and emergency communication.
Coverage is the first test.
Dependability is the more important economic test.
What is actually being delivered?
Bali’s infrastructure pipeline is larger than many people realise, but not every announced project has the same probability of completion.
A useful status sequence is:
Operating → under construction or implementation → preparation and procurement → formal planning → proposal or long-term concept
Projects should move through this sequence only when evidence supports the change.
Operating or completed infrastructure
This category includes:
Ngurah Rai International Airport
Sanur Harbour
Trans Metro Dewata’s six corridors
Existing sections of the Bali Mandara Toll Road
Completed Sidan Dam
Operating elements of Benoa Port and the Benoa maritime ecosystem
Existing central sewerage infrastructure in parts of Denpasar, Sanur and Kuta
These systems are functioning, although capacity, maintenance and service quality still require continued investment.
Projects under construction or implementation
These include:
Defined initial sections of the South Badung road programme
Simpang Siligita improvements
The Semer–Teuku Umar Barat connection
The Pedungan waste-to-energy project
Continuing phases of the Benoa Maritime Tourism Hub
Selected coastal-protection and drainage works
Reported development work associated with the Kura Kura Bali Marina, subject to regulatory and environmental requirements
These projects have moved beyond general discussion, but their final operating performance remains to be demonstrated.
Projects in preparation, procurement or active study
These include:
Bali’s proposed ART or electric-tram system
The airport–Canggu water-taxi proposal
SPAM Ayung 1
The Gilimanuk–Mengwi toll-road corridor
Letkol Wisnu Airfield expansion
Strategic electricity-transmission projects
Wider wastewater expansion
These projects have active institutional attention, but important decisions and delivery milestones remain unresolved.
Formal proposals and longer-term concepts
These include:
A new Kubutambahan international airport
Remaining elements of the former Bali Urban Railway network
A complete future South Bali ring-road connection
Additional toll-road corridors
Further water-transport routes
Additional underpasses and regional port expansions
Some may eventually proceed.
Others may change alignment, technology, financing model or priority before construction.
A proposal’s presence in a plan demonstrates policy interest—not certainty of delivery.
This distinction matters because Bali’s future is frequently described through announcements rather than completed systems.
The strategic question is not how many projects have been mentioned.
It is how many survive feasibility studies, land acquisition, environmental review, financing, procurement, construction, commissioning and long-term operation.
The real test is performance
Bali is not standing still.
Government institutions, state-owned companies and private developers are advancing roads, water systems, waste facilities, ports, coastal protection, energy infrastructure and transport projects.
The difficult task is turning these investments into one dependable operating system.
Progress should not be measured only through project values, kilometres built, announcements or opening ceremonies.
By 2030 and 2035, Bali should be judged by outcomes in mobility, water and sanitation, environmental resilience, energy, digital connectivity and regional balance.
Secure infrastructure for healthcare, education and government services
Regional balance
Better infrastructure access outside South Bali
Economic development suited to the character and capacity of North, East and West Bali
Less pressure to reproduce South Bali’s density across the entire island
Can Bali keep pace?
Bali can keep pace with its transformation—but only if infrastructure begins to guide growth rather than continually responding after pressure has already become severe.
The island does not lack plans, proposals or investment interest.
Its challenge is implementation and integration.
New roads must be coordinated with development controls and public transport. New water sources must connect to treatment and distribution. Waste facilities must form part of a complete collection and recovery system. Airports, ports and marinas must connect to dependable onward transport. New economic and residential districts must demonstrate that their water, electricity, drainage, wastewater and waste requirements can be supported.
The greatest danger is not that Bali builds nothing.
It is that Bali builds many individual assets without creating a functioning system.
The strongest future is therefore not one in which development is stopped.
It is one in which development is better located, better connected, more carefully sequenced and held accountable for the infrastructure it requires.
Bali’s next phase will not be defined only by the roads, transit systems, airports, ports, dams and facilities it constructs.
It will be defined by whether daily life becomes more reliable—and by how well everything works together.
The author
About René Mayer
René Mayer is the Founder and Managing Director of SCOP3 Group and a member of Entrepreneurs’ Organization Indonesia.
He has lived in Indonesia for more than 12 years. He first moved to Bali, where he lived for three years, later spent two years living and working in Jakarta, and then returned to Bali, where he has now lived for more than a decade in total.
His background includes more than 30 years of international hospitality experience, entrepreneurship, communications and property investment.
His perspective combines long-term experience in Indonesia with direct exposure to Bali’s changing tourism, business, lifestyle and investment environment.
